ENTENDIENDO LA MICROBIOTA Y SU IMPACTO EN LA SALUD MENTAL Y CARDIOVASCULAR
"Aproximadamente la mitad de nuestra composición celular no es humana, es microbiana y es un determinante principal de la salud general"
El famoso dicho de Hipócrates, de siglos de antigüedad "todas las enfermedades comienzan en el intestino" tiene más peso hoy de lo que lo ha hecho gracias a nuestra creciente comprensión del intestino y el microbioma que alberga.
El Dr. Rob Knight, uno de los primeros pioneros y autoridades de la microbiota humana, cree firmemente en el poder del microbioma "las tres libras de microbios que llevas contigo pueden ser más importantes que cada gen que llevas en tu genoma ". Por lo tanto, no es de extrañar que los probióticos, los suplementos amigables con el microbioma, se hayan convertido en el tema principal en la era de los movimientos de conciencia de la salud. El estudio resultante de estas bacterias promotoras de bienestar en la última década ha abierto nuevas fronteras de bienestar y una mejor comprensión de las enfermedades.
La microbiota intestinal tiene una serie de funciones vitales en el huésped humano que incluyen:
1. papel en la descomposición de compuestos dietéticos indigeribles para extraer energía de ellos
2. síntesis de vitaminas esenciales y un papel regulador en la función del sistema inmune.
La eubiosis, el estado de equilibrio microbiano beneficioso en la comunidad bacteriana que habita en el intestino, puede verse afectada por interrupciones menores provocadas por factores estresantes cotidianos que pueden causar algunos cambios, aunque reversibles, en la composición general de la comunidad intestinal.
Por el contrario, el estado de desequilibrio entre el huésped y el microbioma se define como disbiosis. Las alteraciones prolongadas, como el uso frecuente de antibióticos o una dieta deficiente, pueden producir cambios duraderos, muchos de los cuales son perjudiciales para el cuerpo en general.
En el cambio de siglo, los avances en tecnología y recursos han dado como resultado una nueva información que incluye el descubrimiento del eje intestino-cerebro-microbiota, una carretera que existe dentro del cuerpo humano para facilitar la comunicación entre las bacterias que viven en el intestino. y el cerebro.
El descubrimiento de ciertas especies bacterianas y sus productos asociados en el cerebro, una región que antes se creía completamente estéril, por el neurólogo Dr. Christopher Power de la Universidad de Alberta desacreditó aún más la teoría de los gérmenes de la enfermedad que prevalecía en el mundo posterior a la penicilina.
Salud del corazón
Con el conocimiento cada vez mayor de algunos de los beneficios que los probióticos pueden conferir, no sorprende que los yogures y otros alimentos fermentados se hayan convertido en un alimento constante para promover la salud del microbioma intestinal. Lo que probablemente no sea tan conocido es cómo la investigación sobre la salud cardíaca de vanguardia está respaldada por la creciente ola de estudios sobre probióticos.
En una conversación con la American Heart Association News, el Dr. Gregor Reid, Director del Centro Canadiense de Microbioma Humano e Investigación de Probióticos en el Instituto de Investigación de Salud Lawson en London, Ontario, Canadá, dijo que aunque las personas todavía están tratando de "entender" cómo algo en el intestino puede afectar el corazón ", la investigación novedosa está proporcionando las conexiones para que estos conceptos ganen fuerza".
La enfermedad cardiovascular y el riesgo de desarrollarla se asocian, entre otras cosas, a la inflamación y una de las principales fuentes de inflamación se encuentra en el intestino. Es con este pensamiento en mente que los principales investigadores creen que ayudar al intestino significa ayudar al corazón.
Si bien muchos estudios han demostrado que ciertos lípidos y los triglicéridos se asocian directamente con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, una nueva investigación muestra que ciertas cepas de probióticos apoyan el sistema cardiovascular al regular la producción y la descomposición de las partículas de colesterol, así como también presión arterial y circulación sanas.
Un rápido aumento en la base de pruebas de tratamientos probióticos para ECV anuncia un futuro para la aplicación de terapias combinadas en los algoritmos de tratamiento y para reducir los costos de los medicamentos para la enfermedad cardíaca.
Salud Cognitiva / Mental y Psicobiotica
El psiquiatra Dr. Ted Dinan, junto con el neurocientífico Dr. John F. Cryan, acuñó el término psicobióticos en 2013 para describir una rama particular de los probióticos, específicamente aquellos que ayudan a mejorar la salud mental.
Esta nueva y emocionante frontera examina cómo las cepas bacterianas específicas pueden mejorar el estado de ánimo, reducir el estrés y actuar como adyuvantes antidepresivos.
La mayoría de los tratamientos ampliamente prescritos que se han encontrado eficaces para modular el estado de ánimo, el comportamiento y los trastornos mentales han sido terapias farmacológicas dirigidas a los sistemas monoaminérgicos dentro del cerebro. Sin embargo, con el interés en los psicobióticos ganando fuerza, formas alternativas de terapias con menos eventos adversos son posibles. El Dr. J. A. Foster, psiquiatra y neurociencia del comportamiento de la Universidad McMaster está estudiando sistemas de señalización que se comunican entre el intestino y el sistema nervioso central para proporcionar nuevos tratamientos de salud mental que aprovechan el intestino.
Un estudio reciente del microbioma en los trastornos depresivos mayores analizó muestras fecales de 46 pacientes con depresión mayor y 30 controles sanos. Sorprendentemente, se observó que los pacientes con depresión podían estratificarse de acuerdo con su microbioma, es decir, los pacientes con depresión aguda presentaban un número elevado de Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria y Actinobacteria, mientras que los niveles de Firmicutes se reducían significativamente.
La posible consecuencia de estos hallazgos sugiere que ciertas cepas bacterianas pueden proporcionar un tipo de resiliencia contra los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Aunque los tratamientos psicobióticos ciertamente necesitan más estudio, el Dr. Foster sugiere que son una realidad inminente, ya que nuestra comprensión de la salud mental cambia rápidamente a medida que se vuelven disponibles nuevas terapias que transforman la salud mental.
El Dr. Gerard Clarke, del APC Microbiome Institute en University College Cork, ha declarado: "Los microbios intestinales parecen influir en los miRNAs de la amígdala y la corteza prefrontal, están muy implicados en la ansiedad y la depresión".
En declaraciones al Huffington Post, el Dr. Emeran Mayer, gastroenterólogo de la Universidad de California y autor de "The Mind-Gut Connection" cree que los psicobióticos rigurosamente probados y aprobados por la FDA estarán disponibles en los próximos 5 a 10 años.
El futuro de los probióticos
Los probióticos representan una alternativa natural a las selecciones mayoritariamente farmacéuticas cuando se buscan terapias para mejorar la salud.
Los baby boomers y la generación del milenio por igual exhiben un creciente deseo de alejarse del modelo de talla única para un modelo de personalización. A medida que continuamos viendo un aumento en las aplicaciones de probióticos, el microbioma jugará un papel crucial en el campo de la medicina personalizada que hasta ahora ha estado dominada por la genética.
El Dr. Gregor Reid afirma que "si bien la cirugía y otras intervenciones invasivas serán necesarias en el futuro, muchos otros aspectos de la medicina cambiarán drásticamente en los próximos veinte años. La clave para una vida larga y saludable probablemente recaiga en nuestros alimentos y microbios - solo tenemos que entender la mejor manera de alinearlos, en algunos casos también teniendo en cuenta nuestra dotación genética ".
HIPOCRATES, Tantos años te tuve en la repisa de mi sala sin saber que tenias razón en muchas cosas, no por nada eres considerado el padre de la medicina. JT
"La definición de alimento es simplemente aquello que es capaz de alimentar. Es decir, todo aquello que no colabore con la nutrición del cuerpo no sería considerado alimento.
Las enfermedades provienen de los alimentos y luego llegan a la flema, la sangre y se distribuyen por los humores. Estas enfermedades se propagan por los distintos órganos del cuerpo". HIPOCRATES
Las enfermedades provienen de los alimentos y luego llegan a la flema, la sangre y se distribuyen por los humores. Estas enfermedades se propagan por los distintos órganos del cuerpo". HIPOCRATES
FUENTE
https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/News/Promotional-Features/The-Next-Wave-of-Probiotics-are-Not-Just-for-Your-Gut
http://filosofiapuntes.blogspot.com.ar/2017/09/hipocrates-de-cos-tratados-sobre-la.html
"Approximately half of our cell composition is not human, it is microbial and is a major determinant of overall health"
The famous saying of Hippocrates, centuries old "all diseases begin in the intestine" carries more weight today than it has done thanks to our growing understanding of the intestine and the microbiome it harbors.
Dr. Rob Knight, one of the first pioneers and authorities of the human microbiota, firmly believes in the power of the microbiome "the three pounds of microbes that you carry with you may be more important than each gene that you carry in your genome". Therefore, it is not surprising that probiotics, microbiome-friendly supplements, have become the main theme in the era of health consciousness movements. The resulting study of these wellness promoting bacteria in the last decade has opened new frontiers of well-being and a better understanding of diseases.
The intestinal microbiota has a series of vital functions in the human host that include:
The famous saying of Hippocrates, centuries old "all diseases begin in the intestine" carries more weight today than it has done thanks to our growing understanding of the intestine and the microbiome it harbors.
Dr. Rob Knight, one of the first pioneers and authorities of the human microbiota, firmly believes in the power of the microbiome "the three pounds of microbes that you carry with you may be more important than each gene that you carry in your genome". Therefore, it is not surprising that probiotics, microbiome-friendly supplements, have become the main theme in the era of health consciousness movements. The resulting study of these wellness promoting bacteria in the last decade has opened new frontiers of well-being and a better understanding of diseases.
The intestinal microbiota has a series of vital functions in the human host that include:
1. role in the breakdown of indigestible dietary compounds to extract energy from them2. synthesis of essential vitamins and a regulatory role in the function of the immune system.
Eubiosis, the beneficial state of microbial balance in the bacterial community that inhabits the intestine, can be affected by minor interruptions caused by daily stressors that can cause some changes, although reversible, in the general composition of the intestinal community.
On the contrary, the state of disequilibrium between the host and the microbiome is defined as dysbiosis. Prolonged alterations, such as frequent use of antibiotics or a poor diet, can produce lasting changes, many of which are harmful to the body in general.
At the turn of the century, advances in technology and resources have resulted in new information that includes the discovery of the gut-brain-microbiota axis, a road that exists within the human body to facilitate communication between bacteria living in the body. intestine. and the brain.
Eubiosis, the beneficial state of microbial balance in the bacterial community that inhabits the intestine, can be affected by minor interruptions caused by daily stressors that can cause some changes, although reversible, in the general composition of the intestinal community.
On the contrary, the state of disequilibrium between the host and the microbiome is defined as dysbiosis. Prolonged alterations, such as frequent use of antibiotics or a poor diet, can produce lasting changes, many of which are harmful to the body in general.
At the turn of the century, advances in technology and resources have resulted in new information that includes the discovery of the gut-brain-microbiota axis, a road that exists within the human body to facilitate communication between bacteria living in the body. intestine. and the brain.
The discovery of certain bacterial species and their associated products in the brain, a region previously thought to be completely sterile, by the neurologist Dr. Christopher Power of the University of Alberta further discredited the germ theory of the disease that prevailed in the world after penicillin.
Heart health
Heart health
With the increasing knowledge of some of the benefits that probiotics can confer, it is not surprising that yoghurts and other fermented foods have become a constant food to promote the health of the gut microbiome. What is probably not so well known is how cutting-edge cardiac health research is supported by the growing wave of studies on probiotics.
In a conversation with the American Heart Association News, Dr. Gregor Reid, Director of the Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research at the Lawson Health Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada, said that although people are still trying of "understanding" how something in the intestine can affect the heart ", novel research is providing the connections for these concepts to gain strength".
Cardiovascular disease and the risk of developing it are associated, among other things, with inflammation and one of the main sources of inflammation is found in the intestine. It is with this thought in mind that leading researchers believe that helping the gut means helping the heart.
While many studies have shown that certain lipids and triglycerides are directly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, new research shows that certain strains of probiotics support the cardiovascular system by regulating the production and breakdown of cholesterol particles, as well as well as healthy blood pressure and circulation.
A rapid increase in the evidence base of probiotic treatments for CVD heralds a future for the application of combination therapies in treatment algorithms and to reduce the costs of medications for heart disease.
In a conversation with the American Heart Association News, Dr. Gregor Reid, Director of the Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research at the Lawson Health Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada, said that although people are still trying of "understanding" how something in the intestine can affect the heart ", novel research is providing the connections for these concepts to gain strength".
Cardiovascular disease and the risk of developing it are associated, among other things, with inflammation and one of the main sources of inflammation is found in the intestine. It is with this thought in mind that leading researchers believe that helping the gut means helping the heart.
While many studies have shown that certain lipids and triglycerides are directly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, new research shows that certain strains of probiotics support the cardiovascular system by regulating the production and breakdown of cholesterol particles, as well as well as healthy blood pressure and circulation.
A rapid increase in the evidence base of probiotic treatments for CVD heralds a future for the application of combination therapies in treatment algorithms and to reduce the costs of medications for heart disease.
Cognitive / Mental Health and Psychobiotics
Psychiatrist Dr. Ted Dinan, along with neuroscientist Dr. John F. Cryan, coined the term psychobiotics in 2013 to describe a particular branch of probiotics, specifically those that help improve mental health.
This new and exciting frontier examines how specific bacterial strains can improve mood, reduce stress and act as antidepressant adjuvants.
Most widely prescribed treatments that have been found to be effective in modulating mood, behavior and mental disorders have been pharmacological therapies targeting monoaminergic systems within the brain. However, with the interest in psychobiotics gaining strength, alternative forms of therapies with fewer adverse events are possible. Dr. J. A. Foster, a psychiatrist and behavioral neuroscience at McMaster University, is studying signaling systems that communicate between the intestine and the central nervous system to provide new mental health treatments that take advantage of the gut.
A recent study of the microbiome in major depressive disorders analyzed fecal samples from 46 patients with major depression and 30 healthy controls. Surprisingly, it was observed that patients with depression could be stratified according to their microbiome, that is, patients with acute depression had a high number of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while Firmicutes levels were significantly reduced.
The possible consequence of these findings suggests that certain bacterial strains can provide a type of resilience against mood disorders. Although psychobiotic treatments certainly need further study, Dr. Foster suggests that they are an imminent reality, as our understanding of mental health changes rapidly as new therapies that transform mental health become available.
Dr. Gerard Clarke, of the APC Microbiome Institute at University College Cork, has stated: "Intestinal microbes seem to influence the miRNAs of the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, they are very involved in anxiety and depression."
Speaking to the Huffington Post, Dr. Emeran Mayer, a gastroenterologist at the University of California and author of "The Mind-Gut Connection" believes that psychobiotics rigorously tested and approved by the FDA will be available in the next 5 to 10 years.
The future of probiotics
This new and exciting frontier examines how specific bacterial strains can improve mood, reduce stress and act as antidepressant adjuvants.
Most widely prescribed treatments that have been found to be effective in modulating mood, behavior and mental disorders have been pharmacological therapies targeting monoaminergic systems within the brain. However, with the interest in psychobiotics gaining strength, alternative forms of therapies with fewer adverse events are possible. Dr. J. A. Foster, a psychiatrist and behavioral neuroscience at McMaster University, is studying signaling systems that communicate between the intestine and the central nervous system to provide new mental health treatments that take advantage of the gut.
A recent study of the microbiome in major depressive disorders analyzed fecal samples from 46 patients with major depression and 30 healthy controls. Surprisingly, it was observed that patients with depression could be stratified according to their microbiome, that is, patients with acute depression had a high number of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while Firmicutes levels were significantly reduced.
The possible consequence of these findings suggests that certain bacterial strains can provide a type of resilience against mood disorders. Although psychobiotic treatments certainly need further study, Dr. Foster suggests that they are an imminent reality, as our understanding of mental health changes rapidly as new therapies that transform mental health become available.
Dr. Gerard Clarke, of the APC Microbiome Institute at University College Cork, has stated: "Intestinal microbes seem to influence the miRNAs of the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, they are very involved in anxiety and depression."
Speaking to the Huffington Post, Dr. Emeran Mayer, a gastroenterologist at the University of California and author of "The Mind-Gut Connection" believes that psychobiotics rigorously tested and approved by the FDA will be available in the next 5 to 10 years.
The future of probiotics
Probiotics represent a natural alternative to the majority pharmaceutical selections when therapies are sought to improve health.
Baby boomers and millennials alike exhibit a growing desire to move away from the one-size-fits-all model to a personalization model. As we continue to see an increase in the applications of probiotics, the microbiome will play a crucial role in the field of personalized medicine that until now has been dominated by genetics.
Dr. Gregor Reid says that "although surgery and other invasive interventions will be necessary in the future, many other aspects of medicine will change dramatically in the next twenty years." The key to a long and healthy life is probably in our food and microbes - we just have to understand the best way to align them, in some cases also taking into account our genetic endowment. "
Baby boomers and millennials alike exhibit a growing desire to move away from the one-size-fits-all model to a personalization model. As we continue to see an increase in the applications of probiotics, the microbiome will play a crucial role in the field of personalized medicine that until now has been dominated by genetics.
Dr. Gregor Reid says that "although surgery and other invasive interventions will be necessary in the future, many other aspects of medicine will change dramatically in the next twenty years." The key to a long and healthy life is probably in our food and microbes - we just have to understand the best way to align them, in some cases also taking into account our genetic endowment. "
HIPOCRATES, So many years I had you on the shelf of my room without knowing that you were right in many things, not for nothing you are considered the father of medicine. JT
"The definition of food is simply what it is capable of feeding, that is, everything that does not cooperate with the nutrition of the body would not be considered food.
Diseases come from food and then come to phlegm, blood and are distributed by humors. These diseases are spread by the different organs of the body. "HIPOCRATES
"The definition of food is simply what it is capable of feeding, that is, everything that does not cooperate with the nutrition of the body would not be considered food.
Diseases come from food and then come to phlegm, blood and are distributed by humors. These diseases are spread by the different organs of the body. "HIPOCRATES
Comentarios
Publicar un comentario